ReoID

Phylogenetic sequence analysis and improved diagnostic assay systems for viruses of the family Reoviridae

 

Edited by Peter. P. C. Mertens and Houssam Attoui

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Isolates of African horse sickness virus (AHSV)

in the dsRNA virus collection at  IAH Pirbright 

 

Return to Virus Collection » Contents

 

IAH dsRNA virus collection number: [Country code,  year / sample number]   rrrr = reference strain     vvvv = vaccine strain] Please send any requests for isolates from this collection to peter.mertens@bbsrc.ac.uk

 

 

 

Reference 
AHSV strains

AHSV-1

 

RSArah1/03

AHSV-2

 

RSArah2/03

AHSV-3

 

RSArah3/03

AHSV-4

 

SPArah4/03

AHSV-5

 

RSArah5/03

AHSV-6

RSArah6/03

AHSV-7

KENrah7/03

AHSV-8

RSArah8/03

AHSV-9

PAKrah9/03

Untyped or mixed

 AHSV isolates

 

 

 
Family: ReoviridaeeGenus: Orbivirus,  Species:  African Horsesickness virus (AHSV)

Virus Species

 

*IAH dsRNA virus collection number:

Serotype

 

(identification method)

Place of original sample

 

eg country town

[grid reference]

 

 

(date original sample was taken)

Isolated from which host species

e.g Horse, Donkey, Zebra, etc

  (Date of virus isolation, where, by whom )

Position of storage in reference freezers

 

(Date added to collection)

 (Suppliers Isolate Designation)

Adapted to which cell types

 

Original sample material

 

(Passage history of sample)

 

[Passage history at TPI]

Original sample supplied to the collection by

person / institution

 

[IAH virus

diagnosis, ISIS /Stars

sample number]

Comments

CDNA clones,

Purified virus (antigen)

  in collection?

References

&

 accession numbers

AHSV - untyped or multiple-types
SENvvv1/MV

Senegal

 

Types 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

 

 

Virus confirmed as  AHSV Types 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 by RT-PCR

AHSV multivalent(vaccine)

 Shelf E3,
box E3α,
rows I1- J10  

 (added to collection 27th Sept 2007)
Polyequipeste vaccine Contre la peste equine Serotypes de 1a 7 Flacon de 10doses Voie sous cutanee A conserver a +4oC/ 20oC (usage veterinaire)

Lot no. D-0107 Util.av Sep. 2009 ISRA vaccines Original bottled vaccine from supplier
[IAH/BHK1] Yaya Thiongane, Laboratoire National de l’elevage Et de Recherches Veterinaires Bp 2057 Dakar Hann Senegal
(derived from  

SENvvvv/MV)

 

Virus confirmed as 

 AHSV Types 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

by RT-PCR

SENvvvv/MV

AHSV multivalent

Types 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

(vaccine)

Senegal)

1 vial only 

Shelf E18 freezer A 

 

(added to collection

27th Sept 2007)

Polyequipeste vaccine Contre la peste equine Serotypes de 1a 7 Flacon de 10doses Voie sous cutanee A conserver a +4oC/20oC (usage veterinaire) Lot no. D-0107 Util.av Sep. 2009 ISRA vaccines Original bottled vaccine from supplier Yaya Thiongane Laboratoire National de l’elevage Et de Recherches Veterinaires Bp 2057 Dakar Hann Senegal   Supplied by Yaya Thiongane Laboratoire National de l’elevage Et de Recherches Veterinaires Bp 2057 Dakar Hann Senegal
(used to generate 

SENvvv1/MV

Virus confirmed as  AHSV

Types 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 by RT-PCR

UAEvvvv/MV

(UAEvvvv/01)

AHS-2, 6, 7 & 8

Polyvalent live  AHSV vaccine
produced in Dubai
 

Shelf E5,

box E5α,

rows I1-J10,

 


(Added to collection on 16th Oct 2007)

Polyvalent live  AHSV vaccine - II [IAH/BHK2] Dr Ulli Wenery  

UAEvvvv/01

(UAEvvv2/MV)

AHS 1,3 and 4

Polyvalent live AHSV vaccine
produced in Dubai
 

Shelf E5,

box  E5γ,

rows A1-B10

(Added to collection 

29th Oct 2007)

Polyvalent live  AHSV vaccine - I [IAH/BHK2] Dr Ulli Wenery  
ETH2010/23 AHSV-2 and 9

Identified as AHSV-2 and 9 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR  and sequencing

Equine Spleen

Isolated in KC cells at IAH-P
 

Shelf  C11,

box  C11β,

rows G1-H9

 

Added to collection on 17th Dec 2010

09234/08 [IAH/KC1]

Melesse Balcha

National animal health , diagnostic and investigation centre, Sebeta

Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived

22nd Feb 2010

 

IAH Stars No.
A18/10 02
Vial G10 removed
 from freezer A

* 
Vials H10 removed
 from freezer A & B


Used to generate  

ETH2010/21
ETH2010/21 AHSV-2 and 9

Identified as AHSV-2 and 9 by Seg-2 specific

 real time RT-PCR  and sequencing

Equine Spleen 

Isolated in KC cells at IAH-P
 

Shelf  C11,

box  C11 γ, rows A1-B9

Added to collection on 17th Dec 2010

09234/08 [IAH/KC1/V1]

Melesse Balcha

National animal health , diagnostic and investigation centre, Sebeta

Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived

22nd Feb 2010

 

IAH Stars No.
A18/10 02
Vial A10 were removed
from freezer A & B 


Derived from 

ETH2010/23
ZIM2003/11

AHSV- untyped

 

Zimbabwe

Sample collected on 26/03/2003
   

Horse

(named Young Toddy)

plasma

BHK4

R4/03

  Isolate collected by Stuart Gordon
RSA1960/01 AHSV-8 (plaque cloned)but also gives positive rRT-PCR for AHSV-5  Onderstepoort South Africa

10th May 1960
  AHSV-8 (G)  MB3/BHK7 Supplied by 
Rachel O'Hara, TPI

[300692MB3]
Note: 
 Plaque cloned x3

 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAHduring 1991 in BHK cell monolayers 
AHSV-1
RSArah1/01

(previously identified as RSArrah/01)

AHSV

Type-1

   

Shelf B10,

 box B10 β,

row G1-H10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-1

(A501)

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK7]

  Dr Baltus Erasmus

OVI South Africa(1988)

Howell (1962)

Note: not Plaque cloned

[ S1:AM883164,

S2:AM883165,

S3: AM883166,

S4: AM883167,

S5: AM883168

S6: AM883169,

S7: AM883170,

S8: AM883171,

S9: AM883172,

S10: AM883173]

RSArah1/02

AHSV

Type-1

27/01/91   Shelf C13,
box C13 gamma,  
tubes C1 to D10
Tube identified as AHSV-1 (c)MB3/BHK8 27/01/91 (MB3)[IAH/BHK10]  

Note:  Plaque cloned

 mycoplasma contaiminated

RSArah1/03 Confirmed as AHSV-1 by Seg-2 specific real-time RT-PCR 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected)
    Shelf C18,
box C18γ 
ows A1-B1
  Current reference strain of AHSV-1 Supplied by
 Rachel O'Hara, TPI

MB3/BHK8
[IAH/BHK5]

Note: Plaque cloned three

times at TPI in BHK

 cell monolayers

during 1991

 (O'Hara et al 1998)
*

2 x 1ml  A10(g) (from freezer

A and B) were given to

 Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013,

for shipment to the Agri food Authority

of Singapore

RSA1987/02

AHSV

Type-1

          (O'Hara et al 1998)
AHSV-2
RSArah2/01

(previously identified as RSArrah/02)

AHSV

Type-2

   

Shelf B10,

 box B10 β,

row I1-J10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009
upplied as reference strain of AHSV-2

(OD)
 

Supplied by

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

OVI South Africa
(1988)

 

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK4]

Howell (1962)
RSArah2/02

AHSV

Type-2

    Shelf C13 ,
box C13
γ 
rows E1-F10
     

Note:  Plaque cloned

 mycoplasma contaiminated

RSArah2/03

 AHSV

Type-2

    Shelf C18,
 box C18γ
 rows C1-D10
  Current reference strain of AHSV-2 Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned
 three times at IAH
in BHK cell monolayers
during 1991

*
2
x 1ml  C10(g)
 (from freezer A and B) 
 were given to Carrie Batten
on 20th May 2013,
 for shipment to 
the
 Agri food and Veterinary
Authority of Singapore
ETH2010/22

AHSV-2

 

Identified as AHSV-2 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR  and sequencing

 

Ethiopia From Equine Spleen

Isolated in KC cells
 at TPI

 

Shelf  C11,

box  C11β, rows E1-F9

 

Added to collection
 17th Dec 2010 

 

 

29654/08 [IAH/KC1]

Melesse Balcha

National animal health , diagnostic and investigation centre, Sebeta

Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd Feb 2010

 

[TPI Stars No.A18/10 01]

 

I

Vials E1 was removed

 from freezer A

*

Vial F10 was removed

from freezer A & B

 

Used to generate

 ETH2010/20

ETH2010/20

AHSV-2

Identified as AHSV-2 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR  and sequencing

Ethiopia Equine  Spleen

Isolated in KC cells
 at TPI

Shelf  C11,

box  C11β, rows  I1-J9

 

Added to collection
 17th Dec 2010   
29654/08


[IAH/KC1/V1]

Supplied by Melesse Balcha

National animal health, diagnostic and investigation centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia.

Samples arrived

22nd Feb 2010

 

 [TPI Stars No.

A18/10 01]
Vials J10 were removed
 from freezer A & B


Derived from
ETH2010/22
ETH2010/02

AHSV-2 

Identified as AHSV-2 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR
Ethiopia
2010
  NVI, ETHIOPIA Vaccine strain

Shelf  C7

Box  C7α

Rows I1-J10

 

Added to collection
 on  24 Aug 2010
ETH74/10

 TPI Stars No.
 A72/10 74
Supplied by
 Esayas Gelaye,

National Veterinary Institute 19 Debre Zeit Ethiopia. Samples arrived
22nd July 2010  

Vero  [IAH/V1]
Vial J10 has been removed from freezer A
ETH2010/01

AHSV-2 

Identified as AHSV-2 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR 

Ethiopia,

Midie,

Sample taken 21 June 2010
  Equine Blood

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH

Shelf  C7

box  C7α

rows G1-H10

 

Added to collection on 
 24 Aug 2010
ETH11/10 [TPI / KC1]

Esayas Gelaye,

 National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived

22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 11
ETH2010/01

AHSV-2 

Identified as AHSV-2 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR 

Ethiopia,

Midie,

Sample taken 21 June 2010
  Equine Blood

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH

Shelf  C7

box  C7α

rows G1-H10

 

Added to collection on 
 24 Aug 2010
ETH11/10 [TPI / KC1]

[ IAH Stars No. A72/10 11]

Esayas Gelaye,

National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived

22nd July 2010

 

Vials H1 to H3 removed

from freezer A&B

*

Vials H4 removed

 from freezer A

 

GHA2010/05

AHSV-2

identified  by
Seg-2 RT-PCR
and sequencing

Ghana
Polo club

 

Equine spleen isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B16

Box B16 α

Rows G1-H10

 

(added to collection on 17th Mar 2010)

Suppliers designation 15

[IAH/KC1]

Andy Alhassan

Veterinary services laboratory,

Accra

Ghana

[A12/10 08]

Clinical signs: respiratory symptoms

 

Outbreak reports
GHA2010/04 AHSV-2

identified  by
Seg-2 RT-PCR
and sequencing
Ghana
Polo club
 

Equine spleen isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B16

Box B16 α

Rows E1-F10

 (added to collection on 17th Mar 2010)

Suppliers designation 05 [IAH/KC1]

Andy Alhassan

Veterinary services laboratory,

Accra

Ghana

[A12/10 05]

Clinical signs: respiratory symptoms

Outbreak reports
GHA2010/03 AHSV-2

identified  by
Seg-2 RT-PCR
and sequencing
Ghana
Polo club
 

Equine spleen isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B16

Box B16 α

Rows C1-D10

(added to collection on 17th Mar 2010)

Suppliers designation 02 [IAH/KC1]

Andy Alhassan

Veterinary services laboratory,

Accra

Ghana

[A12/10 02] 

Clinical signs: respiratory symptoms

Outbreak reports
GHA2010/02 AHSV-2

identified  by
Seg-2 RT-PCR
and sequencing
Ghana
Polo club
 

Equine liver isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B16

Box B16 α

Rows A1-B10

 

(added to collection on 17th Mar 2010)

  [IAH/KC1/BHK1]

Andy Alhassan

Veterinary services laboratory,

Accra

Ghana

[A7/10 06]

Clinical signs: respiratory symptoms

Same horse as GHA2010/01

Outbreak reports
GHA2010/01 AHSV-2

identified  by
Seg-2 RT-PCR
and sequencing
Ghana
Polo club
 

Equine spleen isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B15

Box B15 γ

Rows I1-J10

 

(added to collection on 17th Mar 2010)

  [IAH/KC1/BHK1]

Andy Alhassan

Veterinary services laboratory,

Accra

Ghana

[A7/10 05]


Clinical signs: respiratory symptoms.

Same horse as GHA2010/02

Outbreak reports

SEN2007/05

 

AHSV- 2

Identified as AHSV by serogroup specific RT-PCR

 

Typed by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of Seg-2

Diongo Village, Diourbel, Senegal

 

(Sample

taken on

2nd Sept 2007)

 

Isolated from horse spleen:

male six year old horse

 

(isolated at IAH Pirbright

Sept 2007)

Shelf E5

Box E5 α

Rows G1-H10

 

 

(added to collection on  16th Oct 2007)

No: 5

[IAH/MB1/BHK2]

A92/07 5

 

 Dr Yaya Thiongane

Chef du Laboratoire

de Virologie,

 Directeur de Recherches
Chef du LNERV
ISRA-LNERV
BP 2057
Dakar-Hann
Sénégal

 

*

Duplicate sample from  

freezer A & B provided to

 Kasia Bankowska, IAH 

 11th July 2008

*
Duplicate vials

 positions G9 (G)

 sent to Marta Vigo Martin,

Algete Spain on

 15th Dec 2009 under MTA
*

Outbreak data

 

SEN2007/04

 

AHSV- 2

Identified as AHSV by serogroup specific RT-PCR

 

Typed by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of Seg-2

Lerane Sambou Village, (Region of Fatick) Senegal

 

(Sample

taken on

24thAug 2007)

 

Isolated from horse lung:

  Female three year old horse

 

(isolated at IAH Pirbright

Sept 2007)

Shelf E5,

box E5 α,

rows E1-F10

 

(added to collection on  16th Oct 2007)

No: 2

[IAH/MB1/

BHK3]

 

A92/07 2

 

 Dr Yaya Thiongane

Chef du Laboratoire

 de Virologie,

Directeur de Recherches,

Chef du LNERV
ISRA-LNERV, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann
Sénégal

 SEN2007/03

 

AHSV- 2

Identified as AHSV by serogroup specific RT-PCR

 

Typed by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of Seg-2

Diourbel, Senegal

 

(Sample

taken on

26thAug 2007)

 

Isolated from horse spleen:  male six year old horse

 

(isolated at IAH Pirbright

Sept 2007)

Shelf E5

Box E5 β

Rows I1-J10

 

 

(added to collection on  16th Oct 2007)

 

No: 1

[TPI/MB1/BHK3]

 

A92/07 1

 

Dr Yaya Thiongane

Chef du Laboratoire

 de Virologie Directeur

de Recherches
Chef du LNERV
ISRA-LNERV
BP 2057
Dakar-Hann
Sénégal

 

SEN2007/02 AHSV-2
Typed by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of Seg-2


Note: this isolate tested negative for BTV (Seg-1) and EHDV (Seg-9)  by real-time RT-PCR, and negative for FMDV by 3D assay and 5'UTR assay
Senegal2007    From horse spleen  (isolated at IAH Pirbright July 2007)

  Note: From a horse that died showing typical clinical signs of AHSV. 

From the same animal as
SEN2007/01. The animal had been vaccinated 10 days earlier with AHSV-9
Shelf E1Box E1 βRows I1-J10(added to collection on  2nd July 2007)note (p)10/10b <1ml position I10 freezer B   Isolate provided by Yaya Thiongane Laboratoire National de l’elevage et de Recherches VeterinairesBp 2057 Dakar Hann Senegal-[A59/07 4]

[IAH/MB1/BHK2]
 

Note:  (p)10/10b <1ml
 in positions I10 & J10 ,
freezer B * Tube I9g (freezer A) was removed on
 6th Sept 2010

 

*
 
  Tube I9g (freezer A&B) was given to E. Veronesi (IAH-P) 26th April 2010
*
Tube E1 A & B were given to Kasia Bankowska,  Pirbright  11th July 2008 
*
 
Outbreak information
SEN2007/01 AHSV-2Typed by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of Seg-2 Senegal2007   From horse blood(isolated at IAH Pirbright July 2007) Shelf E1
Box E1β
Rows G1-H10

(added to collection on 2nd July 2007)
  [IAH/MB1/BHK 2] Yaya Thiongane Laboratoire National de l’elevage Et de Recherches VeterinairesBp 2057Dakar Hann Senegalnote (p)10/10b <1ml position H10 freezer B[ A59/07 1]From a horse that died showing typical clinical signs of AHSV From the same animal as SEN2007/02
The animal had been vaccinated 10 days earlier with AHSV-9

 Outbreak information
AHSV - 3

RSArrah/03

AHSV

Type-3

 

 

 

Shelf B10,

 box B10 γ,

row A1-B10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-3

 

(L)

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK5]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

» Contents

 

Howell (1962)

 

 

RSArah3/02

AHSV

Type-3

     

Shelf D7,

 box D7 alpha,

row E1-F10

reference strain of AHSV-3   Note:  Plaque cloned 
RSArah3/03

AHSV

Type-3

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf C18, box C18γ  rows E1-F10 Current reference strain for AHSV-3   Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
*
2 x 1ml  E10(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
AHSV - 4

RSArrah/04

AHSV

Type-4

 

 

 

Shelf B10,

 box B10 γ,

row C1-D10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-4

 

(Vryheid)

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK3]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

Howell (1962)

RSArah4/02

AHSV

Type-4

     

Shelf D7,

 box D7 alpha,

row G1-H10

reference strain of AHSV-44

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK7]
 (Reference strain - plaque cloned )
SPArah4/03

AHSV

Type-4

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf C18, box C18γ  rows G1-H10 Current reference strain of AHSV-4

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK7]
Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991 from RSArrah/04
*
2 x 1ml  G10(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
ETH2010/08 AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR
Ethiopia  

NVI, ETHIOPIA

Vaccine strain

Shelf  C7,

box  C7 γ,

rows A1-B10

Added to collection 

25 Aug 2010
ETH72/10

Vero

[TPI/V1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 72

ETH2010/07

AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR

Adama,

Ethiopia

 

29 June 2010
 

Equine Blood,

Isolated in KC cells at TPI

Shelf  C7,

Box  C7β,

rows I1-J10

Added to collection

25 Aug 2010
ETH50/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 50Vial position I1 Freezer A&B have  been removed from the collection

Vial position I10 Freezer A has been removed from the collection

ETH2010/06

AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR

Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

Sample taken

24 June 2010

 

Equine Blood,

Isolated in KC cells at TPI

Shelf  C7,

Box  C7β,

rows G1-H10

Added to collection 

25 Aug 2010
ETH35/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 35Vial position H10 Freezer A has been removed from the collection

ETH2010/05

AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR

 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 Sample taken

24 June 2010

 

Equine Blood, 

Isolated in KC cells

at IAH-P

Shelf  C7,

box  C7β,

rows E1-F10

Added to collection 

25 Aug 2010
ETH34/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 34Vial position F10 Freezer A has been removed from the collection

ETH2010/04

AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia

Gotia 

 

Sample taken

24 June 2010

 

Equine Blood,

Isolated in KC cells at IAH-P

Shelf  C7

Box  C7 β,

Rows C1-D10

Added to collection 

25 Aug 2010
ETH33/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 33

*

A single tube was removed from freezer B,  position C10 and given to Rhiannon silk (Pirbright)  for Culicoides transmission studies on 24th April 2013. 

*

Tubes D1 & D10  Freezer A have been removed from the collection

ETH2010/03

AHSV-4 

Identified as AHSV-4 by Seg-2 specific real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,  

Wonji 

 

Sample taken

21 June 2010
  Equine Blood

 Isolated in KC cells at TPI

Shelf  C7,

box  C7β

rows A1-B10

 

Added to collection 

25 Aug 2010
ETH23/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute

19 Debre Zeit

Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 23Vial position B10 Freezer A has been removed

KEN2007/02

AHSV-4

 

Identified  by serotype specific RT-PCR against Seg 2

and confirmed by sequencing

Kenya

 

Sample taken October 2007

 

Equine

Isolated from homogenised organs,

 passed on Vero cell culture at CVRL Dubai

 

Isolated

22nd Jan 2008

Shelf A8

Box A8 γ

Rows I1-J10

 

 (added to collection on 4thApril 2008)

D1816/07

Vero2

 

[IAH/KC1]

 

 Related to isolate KEN2007/01 but different passage history

Ulli Wernery

CVRL Dubai

 

 

*
Duplicate vial positions I10 (G) (from freezer A&B) s
ent to Marta Vigo Martin, Algete Spain on 15th Dec 2009 under MTA
*

 

KEN2007/01 AHSV-4

Identified  by serotype specific RT-PCR

Kenya

 

Sample taken October 2007

 

Equine

Isolated from homogenised organs,

 passed on Vero cell culture at CVRL Dubai

Shelf A8,

 Box A8 γ,

 Rows E1-F10

 

Added to collection on  15th Jan 2008
D1816/07

Isolate provided by Ulli Wernery

CVRL Dubai

 

 

V2 [IAH V2]

*

Duplicate sample from freezer A & B provided to Kasia Bankowska, IAH  11th July 2008

*

Vials F10 from freezer A & B provided to Kasia Bankowska, Pirbright 11th July 2008 *

Vial E1 was removed from freezer A

*

 vials E10 were removed from freezer A&B.

 

Related to isolate KEN2007/02 but different passage history

SPA1988/01 AHSV-4 Spain 1988 BHK2

SPA1987/02

AHSV-4

Spain

 

 

Shelf B7,

box B7α,

rows E1- F10

 

(added to collection

12th Dec 2008)

 

BHK4

[IAH/BHK1]

 

 

 

SPA1987/01 AHSV-4

Spain

 (Madrid)

Horse

(named Ricarda)

 

(isolation date thought to be 21st Apr1989)

Shelf B7,

box B7α,

rows C1- D10

 

(added to collection

12th Dec 2008)

Blood

 

MB1 BHK 2

[IAH/BHK1]

RSA1938/01 AHSV-4

Confirmed as AHSV-4 single serotype by real-time Seg-2 specific RT-PCR
Vryheit Natal
RSA

1938
      Vryheit vaccine strain original vaccine strain with up to 120 passages in mice

[IAH/BHK5]
McIntosh 1958

Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
AHSV - 5

RSArrah/05

AHSV

Type-5

 

 

 

Shelf B10,

 box B10 γ,

row E1-F10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-5

 

(VH)

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK6]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

 

Howell (1962)

RSArah5/02

 AHSV

Type-5

      Shelf C13 , box C13γ  rows G1-H10      
RSArah5/03

AHSV

Type-5

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf C18,
box C18γ 
rows I1-J10
 Current reference strain of AHSV-5  
Note:  Plaque cloned x3

 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
From RSArrAH/05
*

2 x 1ml  I10(g)
(from freezer A and B) 
were given to Carrie Batten
on 20th May 2013, for
shipment to the Agri food
and Veterinary Authority
of Singapore

*
AHSV - 6

RSArrah/06

AHSV

Type-6

 

 

 

Shelf B10,

 box B10 γ,

row H1-I10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

Supplied as

reference strain

of AHSV-6

 

(114)

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK4]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

 Contents

 

Howell (1962)

RSArah6/02

AHSV

Type-6

      Shelf C14,
BoxC14alpha,
rows A1-B10
     
RSArah6/03

AHSV

Type-6

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf D7,
box D7α.
  rows I1-J10
Current reference strain of AHSV-6   Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
from RSArrah/06

*
2 x 1ml  I10(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
ETH2010/19

AHSV

 

Identified as AHSV by Seg-7 group-specific

 real time RT-PCR

 

 

Typed  as AHSV-6 by sequencing of Seg-2

Ethiopia,

 

Yerer,

 

  Sample taken

21 June 2010
  From, equine blood

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH-P

Shelf 9,

box  C9α,

rows C1-D10

 

Added  to collection on  31 Aug 2010
ETH08/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH StarsNo.
A72/10 08Vial C1 removed from freezer A & B

Vial C10 removed from freezer A
AHSV - 7

KENrrah/07

AHSV

Type-7

 

 

 

Shelf B10,

 box B10 γ,

row I1-J10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-7

 

(Karen)

(MB4)

[IAH/BHK4]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

Howell (1962)

KENrah7/02

AHSV

Type-7

 

 

Shelf D7,

 box D7 alpha,

row A1 - B10

reference strain of AHSV-7

 

(Karen)

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

Howell (1962)

KENrah7/03

AHSV

Type-7

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf D7,
box D7β
  rows A1-B10
Current reference strain of AHSV-7   Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
*
2 x 1ml  A10(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
ETH2010/09

AHSV-7

 

Identified as AHSV-7 by Seg-2 type-specific

 real time RT-PCR 

Ethiopia   NVI, ETHIOPIA
Vaccine strain

Shelf  C7,

box  C7γ,

rows C1-D10

Added to collection

 26 Aug 2010
ETH73/10

Vero

[IAH/V1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 73-

SEN2007/06

AHSV 7

 

Typed by serotype specific RT-PCR

Guede Bousso Village Senegal

 

September 2007

 

Lung from male horse

isolated in Vero cells

in Senegal

Shelf A8,

box A8γ,

rows C1-D10

 

Added to collection on 15th Jan 2008

5

[V1/IAH V2]

Dr Malik Faye, Dakar,

Senegal

 

[A117/07 5]

*

Tube D10 freezer A & B provided to Kasia Bankowska (Pirbright)  11th July 2008

*
Tube D9 (freezer A&B) s
ent to Marta Vigo Martin, Algete Spain on 15th Dec 2009 under MTA
*

Tube C10 removed from freezer A&B

AHSV - 8

RSArrah/08

AHSV

Type-8

Onderstepoort

South Africa

 

(10th April 1960)

 

horse-2762

 

(virus isolated at OVI, South Africa)

Shelf B10,

 box B11α,

row A1-B10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

reference strain of AHSV-8

 

(18/60)

Spleen

 

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK2]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa

(1988)

Vial position G3, from freezer A and B, were supplied to the Estonia Veterinary and Food Laboratory,

28th July 2009 

 

Howell (1962)

RSArah8/02

AHSV

Type-8

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf D7,
box D7Alpha
  rows C1-D10
reference strain of AHSV-8   Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
*
RSArah8/03

AHSV

Type-8

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

      Shelf D7,
box D7β
  rows C1-D10
Current reference strain of AHSV-8   Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
derived from RSArrah/08
*
2 x 1ml  C10(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
ETH2010/11

AHSV-8 

 

Identified as AHSV-8 by

Seg-2 type-specific

 real time RT-PCR 

Ethiopia,

 

Debre Zeit 

 

Sample taken

25 June 20100
  Equine Blood

Isolated in  KC cells at IAH

Shelf  C7

box  C7γ,

rows G1-H10

 

Added to collection

 26 Aug 2010
ETH37/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 37Vial G10 has been removed from Freezer A
ETH2010/10

AHSV-8 

Identified as AHSV-8 by

Seg-2 type-specific

 real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,

Filtino

 

Sample taken

24 June 20100
 

Equine Blood,

Isolated in  KC cells at TPI

Shelf  C7,

box  C7γ, rows E1-F10

Added to collection

 26 Aug 2010
ETH31/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No. 
A72/10 31

Vials E1, E2, F1 have been removed from freezers A & B  

*

 Vial E3 has been removed from Freezer A

AHSV - 9

PAKrrah/09

AHSV

Type-9

Pakistan Animal Husbandry Institute, Peshawar

 

(10th Dec 1959)

 

Horse [after inoculation with samples from donkeys]

 

(virus isolated at OVI, South Africa)

Shelf B10,

 box B11α,

row C1-D10

 

Added to collection on 22 Sept 2009

supplied as reference strain of AHSV-9

 

(7/60)

Spleen

 

(MB3)

[IAH/BHK7]

Dr Baltus Erasmus,

 

OVI South Africa(1988)Spare sample position C1g freezer B*1 ml Sample from position C1g (A freezer only) sent to Pfizer/Fort Dodge (Joan de Plana) Spain 6th Sept 2010.  Corresponding vial in freezer B was not removed *Note: sample tested negative for BTV (Seg-1) and EHDV (Seg-9)  real-time RT-PCR, and negative for FMDV by 3D assay and 5'UTR assay* Howell (1962)

PAKrah9/02

AHSV

Type-9

     

Shelf C13,

 box C13γ,

row I1-J10

     
PAKrah9/03

AHSV

Type-8

 

No contamination with other serotypes was detected by real-time RT-PCR)

Pakistan Animal Husbandry Institute, Peshawar

 

(10th Dec 1959)

    Shelf D7,
box D7β
  rows E1-F9
Current reference strain of AHSV-9  

Note:  Plaque cloned x3
 (
O'Hara et al 1998)

strain plaque cloned three times at IAH in BHK cell monolayers during 1991
*
2 x 1ml  E9(g) (from freezer A and B)  were given to Carrie Batten on 20th May 2013, for shipment to the Agri food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore
*

One vial position E10 g  was removed from freezer A on 27th February 2013 and given to Carrie Batten  (Pirbright)  for use by the ref lab .

 The equivalent vial from freezer B was not removed

*

SENvvvv/09

AHSV-9

 

(vaccine strain

-

typed as

AHSV-9

by RT-PCR and

sequence analyses 
of Seg-2)

Senegal

 

 

 

SShelf E1,

Box E1 β,

rows E1 to F10,

 

(added to collection

27th Sept 2007)

 
Monoequipeste 
vaccine Contre
la peste equine 
Serotype 9
Flacon de 2 doses
Voie sous cutanee
A conserver a
 +4oc/20oc
(usage veterinaire)
Lot no. M-0107
Util.av Fev. 2009
ISRA vaccines 

Original bottled vaccine from supplier

Yaya Thiongane 
Laboratoire
 National
 de l’elevage 
Et de 
Recherches
 Veterinaires
Bp 2057
Dakar Hann
 Senegal
 
(used to
 generate 
SENvvv1/09)
Vials E1, E10, F10 were removed from freezers A&B,
 vial E9 was removed from freezer B, vial F9 was removed from freezer A.

SENvvv1/09

AHSV-9

 

(vaccine strain

- type

confirmed by

RT-PCR and 
sequence analyses 
of Seg-2)

Senegal

 

 

Shelf E1

Box E1 β,

rows E1-F10,

 

(added to collection on  27th June 2007) 
Monoequipeste 
vaccine Contre
la peste equine 
Serotype 9
Flacon de 2 doses
Voie sous cutanee
A conserver a
 +4oc/20oc
(usage veterinaire)
Lot no. M-0107
Util.av Fev. 2009
ISRA vaccines 

Commercial vaccine

[IAH/BHK1]

Yaya Thiongane 
Laboratoire National
 de l’elevage 
Et de Recherches
 Veterinaires
Bp 2057
Dakar Hann Senegal
 
(derived from 
SENvvvv/09 )

Virus confirmed as  AHSV

Type-9 by RT-PCR and

sequence analysis of Seg-2

ETH2011/08

AHSV-9 

Ethiopia    

Shelf C18,

box  C18α,

rows G1 to H10

     
ETH2011/07 AHSV-9  Ethiopia    

Shelf C18,

box  C18α,

rows E1 to F10

     
ETH2011/06 AHSV-9  Ethiopia  

Shelf C18,

box  C18α,

rows C1 to D10

ETH2011/05 AHSV-9  Ethiopia    

Shelf C18,

box  C18α,

rows A1 to B10

     
ETH2011/04 AHSV-9  Ethiopia -  

Shelf C17,

box  C17 Gamma,

rows I1 to J10

     
ETH2011/03 AHSV-9  Ethiopia    

Shelf C17,

box  C17 Gamma,

rows G1 to H10

     
ETH2011/02 AHSV-9  Ethiopia    

Shelf C17,

box  C17 Gamma,

rows E1 to F10

     
ETH2011/01 AHSV-9  Ethiopia    

Shelf C17,

box  C17 Gamma,

rows C1 to D10

     
ETH2010/18

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR 
Ethiopia  

NVI, Ethiopia

 

 Vaccine strain

Shelf C9,

box  C9α,

rows A1-B10

 

Added to collection
31Aug 2010
ETH75/10

Vero

 

[IAH/V1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 75
ETH2010/17

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR
Bonga, Ethiopia   Isolated  and
Grown in Vero cells at NVI, Ethiopia

Shelf C8,

box  C8γ,

rows I1-J10

 

Added to collection
31Aug 2010

ET H56/10

(25/06/10)

Vero

 

[IAH/V1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 56Vial J10 from freezer A 
was  removed from the collection
ETH2010/16

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia

 

Dembie, 

 

Sample taken

3rd Jul 2010
 

Equine Lung

Horse died of AHSV like symptoms

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH

Shelf C8

Box C8γ,

rows G1-H10

 

Added to collection
31Aug 2010
ET H70/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 70Note:  positions G10
freezer A&B was not filled
when isolated was added to collection

Vials H10 from freezer A and B
were  removed from the collection

Vial G9 was removed from freezer A

Vial H9 was removed from freezer B
ETH2010/15

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,

 

Debre Zeit,

 

Sample taken
15 June 2010
 

Equine Lung

Horse died of AHSV like symptoms

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH-

Shelf C8,

box C8 γ,

rows E1-F10

 

Added to collection
27Aug 2010
ET H68/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 68Note:  positions E10
freezer A&B was not filled
when isolated was added to collection

Vials E1, E2 & E3 from
 freezer A& B were removed
from the collection
.
ETH2010/14

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,

 

Godino

 

Sample taken
10 June 2010
 

Equine Lung

Horse died of AHSV like symptoms

 Isolated in KC cells at IAH-P

Shelf C8,

box C8 γ,

rows C1-D10

 

Added to collection
27Aug 2010
ET H66/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 66Note:  positions C10
freezer A&B was not filled
when isolated was added to collection

Vials C1, C2 & C3 from
 freezer A& B were removed
from the collection
.
ETH2010/13

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,

 

Akaki 

 

Sample taken
21 June 2010
  From equine Blood

Isolated in KC cells at IAH

Shelf C8,

box  C8 γ,

rows A1-B10

 

Added to collection
27Aug 2010
ET H15/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 15Note: only 900ul per tube

Sample B10 freezer A
removed from collection
ETH2010/12

AHSV-9 

 

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 type-specific

real time RT-PCR

Ethiopia,

Adama 

Sample taken
29 June 2010
  From equine Blood

Isolated in KC cells at IAH

Shelf C7

Box  γ

Rows I1-J10

 

Added to collection
27Aug 2010
ETH49/10 [IAH/KC1]

Esayas Gelaye, National Veterinary Institute, 19 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 

Samples arrived 22nd July 2010

 

IAH Stars No.

A72/10 49Vial J10 has been removed
from freezer A
GAM2009/04 AHSV 9

Identified by
 Seg-2 specific RT-PCR and sequencing

Gambia,  

Village Katana Omar

-c-

 

Sample taken 22nd Oct 2009

 

Equine blood

 

Isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B15

Box B15 γ

Rows G1-H10

 (added to collection on  1st Mar 2010)

  [IAH/KC1/BHK1]

Philip Ivens

Nixon Equine Vets

Buckingham

 

[A89/09 18]

From male horse age 3 unvaccinated

No clinical signs

Derived from GAM2009/02

GAM2009/03

AHSV 9

Identified by
 Seg-2 specific RT-PCR and sequencing

Gambia, 

Village Katana Omar

-c-

 

Sample taken 22nd Oct 2009

 

Equine blood

 

Isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B15

Box B15 γ

Rows E1-F10

 

(added to collection on  1st Mar 2010)

[IAH/KC2/BHK1]

Philip Ivens

Nixon Equine Vets

Buckingham

 

[A89/09 12]

From female horse age 3 unvaccinated
No clinical signs
Derived from  GAM2009/01

GAM2009/02 AHSV 9

Identified by
 Seg-2 specific RT-PCR and sequencing

Gambia

 

Village Katana Omar

-c-

 

Sample taken 22nd Oct 2009

 

Equine blood

 

 Isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B15

Box B15 γ

Rows C1-D10

 

(added to collection on  1st Mar 2010)

  [IAH/KC1]

Philip Ivens

Nixon Equine Vets

Buckingham

 

[A89/09 18]

From male horse age 3 unvaccinated

No clinical signs

Used to generate GAM2009/04
GAM2009/01 AHSV 9

Identified by
 Seg-2 specific RT-PCR and sequencing

 Gambia

 

Village Katana Omar

-c-

 

Sample taken 22nd Oct 2009

 

Equine blood

 

Isolated at IAH Pirbright

Shelf B15

Box B15 γ

Rows A1-B10

 (added to collection on  1st Mar 2010)

[IAH/KC2]

Philip Ivens

Nixon equine vets

Buckingham

 

[A89/09 12]

From female horse age 3 unvaccinated
No clinical signs

Used to generate GAM2009/03

KEN2006/01

AHSV
Type 9
 
Identified by 
RT-PCR 
and 
VNT
Kenya 
 
The horse
 died on
25th July 2006 
 
Isolated from
 a foal, which
 died in Nairobi. 
Typical lesions 
of AHS in 
the lung
 
Isolated in 
Dubai CVRL 

Shelf D3,

box D3 β,

rows I1-J10

 

(added to collection  14th Nov 2006)

D1357/06

Ex trachea

 
Isolated in 
Vero cells 
 

V1

[IAH/E1/BHK3]

 

Dr. Habil Ulrich Wernery
Scientific Director
Central Veterinary

Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 597, Dubai  U.A.E.

 

Received 25th Sept2006

 

(A86/06 1)

From the same animal as KEN2006/02

 

Duplicate sample from freezer

A & B provided to Kasia Bankowska, IAH 

11th July 2008

 

» Contents

KEN2006/02

AHSV
Type 9
 
Identified by 
RT-PCR 
and 
VNT
Kenya 
 
The horse
 died on
25th July 2006 
 
Isolated from
 a foal, which
 died in Nairobi. 
Typical lesions 
of AHS in 
the lung
 
Isolated in 
Dubai CVRL 

Shelf D3,

box D3 γ,

rows A1-B10

 

(added to collection  14th Nov 2006)

D1357/06

Ex lung

 
Isolated in 
Vero cells 
 

V1

[IAH/E1/BHK3]

 

Dr. Habil Ulrich Wernery
Scientific Director
Central Veterinary

Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 597, Dubai  U.A.E.

 

(A86/06 2)From the same animal as 
KEN2006/01

SEN1998/01

AHSV-9

Identified as AHSV-9 by Seg-2 specific

 Real time RT-PCR  and sequencing

Senegal   Equine  Isolated through Vero cells at ANSES

Shelf  C11,

box  C11 α,

rows I1-J10

 

Added to collection on  17th Dec 2010    
  V2
[IAH/BHK1]

 Corinne Sailleau

ANSES (AFFSA) France

Vials I1 was removed from freezer A
*
Vial J10 was removed from freezer B

 

Miscellaneous AHSV samples

derived from

 isolate number

 Storage location

Notes

 

Misc  box, Freezer A,

Shelf E18, Box E18 β position G3

AHS ring-trial samples

12-07 - Freezer A, shelf E18, Miscellaneous box A, position G3.

 

Misc  box, Freezer A,

Shelf E18, Box E18 β position G2

AHS ring-trial samples

12-10 - Freezer A, shelf E18, Miscellaneous box A, position G2.

 

Misc  box, Freezer A,

Shelf E18, Box E18 β position G1

AHS ring-trial samples

12-09 - Freezer A, shelf E18, Miscellaneous box A, position G1.

 

 

References

 

Howell,  P. G. (1962) The isolation and identification of further antigenic types of African horsesickness virus. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 29, 139-149

 

McIntosh, B.M. (1958) Immunological types of horse sickness virus and their significance in immunisation.  Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 27, 465 - 513.

 

O'Hara, R. S., Meyer, A. J., Burroughs JN, Pullen, L., Martin, L.‑A. and Mertens, P. P. C. (1998)  Development of a mouse model system and identification of individual genome segments of African horse sickness virus, serotypes 3 and 8 involved in determination of virulence: abstract.  Archives of Virology  Supplement 14, 259‑279.

 

 

 

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